There are six types of residence permit in Türkiye (Article 30 of Law No. 6458): short-term, family, student, long-term, humanitarian and victim-of-human-trafficking. Each has different conditions, durations and rights. Short-term is granted for up to two years each time (Article 31); a family permit for up to three years (Article 34); and the long-term (indefinite) permit requires at least eight years’ uninterrupted residence (Articles 42-43). Choosing the right type is decisive for the acceptance of the application.
1. How Many Residence Permit Types Are There?
The law sets out the residence permit types as a closed list:
“(1) İkamet izni çeşitleri şunlardır: a) Kısa dönem ikamet izni b) Aile ikamet izni c) Öğrenci ikamet izni ç) Uzun dönem ikamet izni d) İnsani ikamet izni e) İnsan ticareti mağduru ikamet izni”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.30)
Unofficial translation: “(1) The types of residence permit are: a) short-term residence permit; b) family residence permit; c) student residence permit; ç) long-term residence permit; d) humanitarian residence permit; e) victim-of-human-trafficking residence permit.”
These types are not interchangeable; each is tied to a different purpose and set of conditions. Below we address the five most commonly used types.
2. Where Is the Application Made?
The Presidency of Migration Management’s General Information page directs first, extension and transfer applications to the official e-Residence system, with a provincial appointment and documents for first and transfer applications. The undated page was checked on 19 September 2026. Follow the official instructions for the selected application.
The statutory text of Article 21 states the consular filing rule, while Article 22 lists in-country situations. These provisions should be read alongside the administration’s operational instructions:
“(1) İkamet izni başvurusu, yabancının vatandaşı olduğu veya yasal olarak bulunduğu ülkedeki konsolosluklara yapılır.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.21)
Unofficial translation: “(1) An application for a residence permit is made to the consulates in the country of which the foreigner is a national or in which the foreigner is lawfully present.”
That is the rule, and it is why an application cannot simply be lodged at a governorate by default. The Law then sets out, exhaustively, the cases in which it can be:
“(1) İkamet izni başvuruları, aşağıdaki hâllerde istisnai olarak valiliklere de yapılabilir: a) Adli veya idari makamların kararlarında veya taleplerinde b) Yabancının Türkiye’den ayrılmasının makul veya mümkün olmadığı durumlarda c) Uzun dönem ikamet izinlerinde ç) Öğrenci ikamet izinlerinde d) İnsani ikamet izinlerinde e) İnsan ticareti mağduru ikamet izinlerinde f) Aile ikamet izninden kısa dönem ikamet iznine geçişlerde g) Türkiye’de ikamet izni bulunan anne veya babanın Türkiye’de doğan çocukları için yapacağı başvurularda ğ) Geçerli ikamet izninin verilmesine esas olan gerekçenin sona ermesi veya değişikliğe uğramasından dolayı yeni kalış amacına uygun ikamet izni almak üzere yapılacak başvurularda h) 20 nci maddenin ikinci fıkrası kapsamında yapılacak ikamet izni başvurularında ı) Türkiye’de yükseköğrenimini tamamlayanların, kısa dönem ikamet iznine geçişlerinde”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.22)
Unofficial translation: “(1) Residence permit applications may exceptionally also be made to governorates in the following cases: a) in decisions or requests of judicial or administrative authorities; b) in situations where it is not reasonable or possible for the foreigner to leave Türkiye; c) in long-term residence permits; ç) in student residence permits; d) in humanitarian residence permits; e) in residence permits for victims of human trafficking; f) in transitions from a family residence permit to a short-term residence permit; g) in applications made by a mother or father holding a residence permit in Türkiye for their children born in Türkiye; ğ) in applications to be made in order to obtain a residence permit appropriate to a new purpose of stay, because the ground on which the valid residence permit was granted has ended or has changed; h) in residence permit applications to be made within the scope of the second paragraph of Article 20; ı) in transitions of those who complete their higher education in Türkiye to a short-term residence permit.”
Two features of this list decide most practical questions. It is a closed list, so a case that does not appear in it is left with the consulate route in Article 21. And the entries are not arbitrary: four permit types (long-term, student, humanitarian, and the trafficking-victim permit) are listed by type alone, without any further qualifying circumstance, while the short-term permit appears only through specific gateways, namely a transition from a family permit, a change in the purpose of stay, or completion of higher education in Türkiye.
3. The Passport Rule and the Ninety-Day Decision
Article 21 sets a passport-validity requirement for the requested permit:
“(2) İkamet izni için başvuracak yabancılarda, talep ettikleri ikamet izni süresinden altmış gün daha uzun süreli pasaport ya da pasaport yerine geçen belgeye sahip olmaları şartı aranır.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.21)
Unofficial translation: “(2) Foreigners who are to apply for a residence permit are required to hold a passport, or a document in lieu of a passport, valid for sixty days longer than the residence permit period they request.”
The arithmetic matters. The passport must outlast the permit applied for, not the application, and by a further sixty days. Someone asking for a two-year permit therefore needs a passport valid for two years and sixty days at the time of the application, which in practice often means renewing the passport first and applying second.
Incomplete files are postponed rather than immediately refused:
“(3) Başvuru için gerekli olan bilgi ve belgeler eksik ise, başvurunun değerlendirilmesi eksiklikler tamamlanıncaya kadar ertelenebilir. Eksik olan bilgi ve belgeler ilgiliye bildirilir.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.21)
Unofficial translation: “(3) If the information and documents required for the application are incomplete, assessment of the application may be postponed until the deficiencies are completed. The missing information and documents are notified to the person concerned.”
And the decision itself carries an outer limit:
“(5) Başvurular, en geç doksan gün içinde sonuçlandırılır.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.21)
Unofficial translation: “(5) Applications are concluded within ninety days at the latest.”
Ninety days is the statutory ceiling for concluding the application, and it is the figure to measure an application against rather than any timetable quoted informally.
The scope of Article 21 must also be distinguished from its annulled provisions. The seventh paragraph of Article 21, which allows applications to be made through an authorised intermediary institution, has been partly annulled: the statutory text itself records that the third and fourth sentences of that paragraph were annulled by the Constitutional Court’s decision of 25 January 2023 (E. 2020/30, K. 2023/12). The paragraphs quoted above are untouched by that annulment.
4. Short-Term Residence Permit
The most common type. Owning real estate, establishing commercial links, scientific research or tourism may be grounds for it (Article 31/1). Where the ground is property, the acquisition itself has its own conditions and limits, set out in buying property in Turkey. The basic rule on duration is:
“(2) Kısa dönem ikamet izni, birinci fıkranın (j) ve (k) bentleri hariç olmak üzere, her defasında en fazla ikişer yıllık sürelerle verilebilir.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.31)
Unofficial translation: “(2) A short-term residence permit may be granted, except for sub-paragraphs (j) and (k) of the first paragraph, for periods of up to two years each time.”
So the short-term permit is not indefinite; it is granted in slices of up to two years each, with an extension application at the end.
5. Conditions for a Short-Term Residence Permit
The grounds above answer why a short-term permit may be granted. The conditions answer whether it will be:
“(1) Kısa dönem ikamet izinlerinin verilmesinde aşağıdaki şartlar aranır: a) 31 inci maddenin birinci fıkrasında sayılan gerekçelerden biri veya birkaçını ileri sürerek talepte bulunmak ve bu talebiyle ilgili bilgi ve belgeleri ibraz etmek b) 7 nci madde kapsamına girmemek c) Genel sağlık ve güvenlik standartlarına uygun barınma şartlarına sahip olmak ç) İstenilmesi hâlinde, vatandaşı olduğu veya yasal olarak ikamet ettiği ülkenin yetkili makamları tarafından düzenlenmiş adli sicil kaydını gösteren belgeyi sunmak d) Türkiye’de kalacağı adres bilgilerini vermek”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.32)
Unofficial translation: “(1) The following conditions are required for the granting of short-term residence permits: a) to make a request putting forward one or several of the grounds listed in the first paragraph of Article 31, and to submit the information and documents relating to that request; b) not to fall within the scope of Article 7; c) to have accommodation conditions complying with general health and safety standards; ç) if requested, to submit a document showing a criminal record issued by the competent authorities of the country of which the foreigner is a national or in which the foreigner lawfully resides; d) to give the address details at which the foreigner will stay in Türkiye.”
Article 32(b) refers to Article 7, which concerns foreigners who are to be refused entry into Türkiye. An applicable ground for refusal of entry therefore also affects eligibility for the short-term permit.
Article 32 does not expressly list health insurance among these conditions. Health insurance is frequently described as a statutory condition of the short-term permit; it does not appear among the conditions in Article 32. Where the Law itself requires health insurance expressly is in the family permit, in the conditions imposed on the sponsor set out below. This is not a statement that insurance is never asked for, because conditions of this kind are also set in secondary legislation and by practice, which change without the Law changing. It is a statement about where the requirement is and is not written in the Law, and that distinction is what decides whether a condition can be relied on as fixed.
6. Family Residence Permit
A family permit covers the foreign spouse, minor child or dependent foreign child of an eligible sponsor under Article 34. The sponsor categories include Turkish citizens, Article 28 beneficiaries, residence-permit holders, refugees and subsidiary-protection beneficiaries.
“(1) Türk vatandaşlarının, 5901 sayılı Kanunun 28 inci maddesi kapsamında olanların veya ikamet izinlerinden birine sahip olan yabancılar ile mültecilerin ve ikincil koruma statüsü sahiplerinin; a) Yabancı eşine, b) Kendisinin veya eşinin ergin olmayan yabancı çocuğuna, c) Kendisinin veya eşinin bağımlı yabancı çocuğuna, her defasında üç yılı aşmayacak şekilde aile ikamet izni verilebilir. Ancak, aile ikamet izninin süresi hiçbir şekilde destekleyicinin ikamet izni süresini aşamaz.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.34)
Unofficial translation: “(1) A family residence permit may be granted, for periods not exceeding three years each time, to the foreign spouse, the minor foreign child of the person or spouse, and the dependent foreign child of the person or spouse, of Turkish citizens, persons within Article 28 of Law No. 5901, foreigners holding one of the residence permits, refugees and holders of subsidiary protection status. However, the duration of a family residence permit may in no case exceed the sponsor’s residence permit duration.”
Article 35 separately regulates sponsor and applicant conditions. The family residence permit guide explains income, accommodation, insurance, the one-year residence exceptions, child consent, renewal, divorce and the sponsor’s death. Only one spouse may receive a family permit in the multiple-marriage situation addressed in Article 34; children of other spouses may also qualify.
7. Student Residence Permit
For foreigners coming for higher education:
“(1) Türkiye’de bir yükseköğretim kurumunda ön lisans, lisans, yüksek lisans ya da doktora öğrenimi görecek yabancılara öğrenci ikamet izni verilir.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.38)
Unofficial translation: “(1) A student residence permit is granted to foreigners who will pursue associate, bachelor’s, master’s or doctoral education at a higher education institution in Türkiye.”
A student permit does not automatically give the student’s family a family-permit right; that is a separate assessment. How time spent as a student counts towards the long-term permit is also subject to special rules.
8. Student Permit Conditions, and the Right to Work
The conditions for the student permit are the shortest list in this part of the Law:
“(1) Öğrenci ikamet izninde aşağıdaki şartlar aranır: a) 38 inci madde kapsamındaki bilgi ve belgeleri ibraz etmek b) 7 nci madde kapsamına girmemek c) Türkiye’de kalacağı adres bilgilerini vermek”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.39)
Unofficial translation: “(1) The following conditions are required for a student residence permit: a) to submit the information and documents within the scope of Article 38; b) not to fall within the scope of Article 7; c) to give the address details at which the foreigner will stay in Türkiye.”
The question that follows immediately, and that the permit itself does not answer, is whether a student may work:
“(1) Türkiye’de örgün öğrenim gören ön lisans, lisans, yüksek lisans ve doktora öğrencileri, çalışma izni almak kaydıyla çalışabilirler. Ancak, ön lisans ve lisans öğrencileri için çalışma hakkı, ilk yıldan sonra başlar ve ilgili kanunlar ve Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnameleriyle düzenlenir.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.41)
Unofficial translation: “(1) Associate degree, undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students receiving formal education in Türkiye may work on condition that they obtain a work permit. However, for associate degree and undergraduate students the right to work begins after the first year, and is regulated by the relevant laws and Presidential decrees.”
Two limits are stated and both are commonly missed. A student permit does not by itself authorise work; a separate work permit is still required, and the student permit only makes the student eligible to seek one. And for associate degree and undergraduate students the eligibility does not exist at all during the first year. Postgraduate and doctoral students are not subject to that first-year wait in the wording of the paragraph. What obtaining the work permit then involves is set out in work permits for foreign employees.
As a rule, a work permit replaces a residence permit under Article 12 of Law No. 6735. The work permit guide explains the related employer duties, permit durations and cancellation rules.
9. Long-Term (Indefinite) Residence Permit
A long-term residence permit is indefinite. Its core residence condition is set out in Article 42:
“(1) Türkiye’de kesintisiz en az sekiz yıl ikamet izniyle kalmış olan ya da Bakanlığın belirlediği şartlara uyan yabancılara, Bakanlığın onayıyla valilikler tarafından süresiz ikamet izni verilir.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.42)
Unofficial translation: “(1) An indefinite residence permit is granted, with the Ministry’s approval and by the governorates, to foreigners who have resided in Türkiye without interruption for at least eight years on a residence permit, or who meet the conditions determined by the Ministry.”
The transition conditions are listed in Article 43, the first of which is eight years’ uninterrupted residence:
“(1) Uzun dönem ikamet iznine geçişte aşağıdaki şartlar aranır: a) Kesintisiz en az sekiz yıl ikamet izniyle Türkiye’de kalmış olmak”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.43)
Unofficial translation: “(1) The following conditions are sought for transition to a long-term residence permit: a) having resided in Türkiye for at least eight years without interruption on a residence permit.”
The word “uninterrupted” is critical: long periods spent abroad may break the residence, so the calculation must be made carefully before the application. The same word does the same work one step further on, because the five-year general route to citizenship is counted on uninterrupted lawful residence as well, which is why the permit held during those years matters; the routes are set out in how to get Turkish citizenship. Investors take a different path: the permit under Article 31(1)(j) is not bound by the two-year ceiling, and the investment amounts behind it are set out in Turkish citizenship by investment.
10. Rights and Restrictions of Long-Term Permit Holders
The long-term permit is usually described by its conditions. What makes it worth pursuing is the entitlement on the other side, which the Law defines by exception:
“(1) Uzun dönem ikamet izni bulunan yabancılar; a) Askerlik yapma yükümlülüğü, b) Seçme ve seçilme, c) Kamu görevlerine girme, ç) Muaf olarak araç ithal etme, ve özel kanunlardaki düzenlemeler hariç, sosyal güvenliğe ilişkin kazanılmış hakları saklı kalmak ve bu hakların kullanımında ilgili mevzuat hükümlerine tabi olmak şartıyla, Türk vatandaşlarına tanınan haklardan yararlanırlar.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.44)
Unofficial translation: “(1) Foreigners holding a long-term residence permit benefit from the rights afforded to Turkish citizens, with the exception of: a) the obligation to perform military service; b) electing and being elected; c) entering public service; ç) importing a vehicle exempt from duty; and except for arrangements in special laws, provided that their acquired rights relating to social security are reserved and that, in exercising those rights, they are subject to the provisions of the relevant legislation.”
The drafting technique is the point. Rather than listing what the holder gains, the Law grants the rights of Turkish citizens and then carves out four specific areas. That makes the entitlement broad by default. The four named carve-outs are military service, the vote, public office and duty-free vehicle import. They are not the only qualification, however: the same paragraph also reserves arrangements in special laws, and makes the exercise of the rights subject to the relevant legislation, so the named four are the express exceptions rather than an exhaustive account of every limit.
The breadth is not permanently fixed, however:
“(2) Birinci fıkradaki haklara kısmen veya tamamen kısıtlamalar getirmeye Cumhurbaşkanı yetkilidir.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.44)
Unofficial translation: “(2) The President is authorised to introduce restrictions, in part or in whole, on the rights in the first paragraph.”
So the scope described above is the position under the Law as it stands, and it is subject to a standing power to restrict it.
11. Humanitarian Residence Permit
An exceptional permit that may be granted even where the conditions of the other types are not met:
“(1) Aşağıda belirtilen hâllerde, diğer ikamet izinlerinin verilmesindeki şartlar aranmadan, Bakanlıkça belirlenen sürelerle sınırlı olmak kaydıyla ve Genel Müdürlüğün onayı alınarak valiliklerce insani ikamet izni verilebilir…”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.46)
Unofficial translation: “(1) In the cases specified below, a humanitarian residence permit may be granted by the governorates — without the conditions for granting the other residence permits being sought, limited to periods determined by the Ministry, and with the approval of the Directorate General …”
A humanitarian permit is foreseen, for example, for foreigners who cannot be deported or are in an extraordinary situation; unlike the other types, the standard conditions are not sought and wider room is given to administrative discretion.
12. Residence Permit for Victims of Human Trafficking
The trafficking-victim permit provides a reflection and recovery period without requiring the ordinary conditions of other residence permits:
6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.48 — Residence permit for victims of human trafficking
“(1) İnsan ticareti mağduru olduğu veya olabileceği yönünde kuvvetli şüphe duyulan yabancılara, yaşadıklarının etkisinden kurtulabilmeleri ve yetkililerle iş birliği yapıp yapmayacaklarına karar verebilmeleri amacıyla valiliklerce otuz gün süreli ikamet izni verilir. (2) Bu ikamet izinlerinde, diğer ikamet izinlerinin verilmesindeki şartlar aranmaz.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.48)
Unofficial translation: “Foreigners in respect of whom there is strong suspicion that they are, or may be, victims of human trafficking are granted a thirty-day residence permit by the governorships, so that they may recover from the effects of their experience and decide whether they will cooperate with the authorities. The conditions applicable to the granting of other residence permits are not sought for these residence permits.”
Two features set this apart. The permit is granted on strong suspicion, not on proof; and the ordinary conditions are expressly waived. It is a reflection-and-recovery period, not a status award.
Its extension has both a ceiling and a cancellation trigger:
6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.49 — Extension and cancellation
“(1) İyileşme ve düşünme süresi tanımak amacıyla verilen ikamet izni, mağdurun güvenliği, sağlığı veya özel durumu nedeniyle en fazla altışar aylık sürelerle uzatılabilir. Ancak, bu süreler hiçbir şekilde toplam üç yılı geçemez. (2) İnsan ticareti mağduru olduğu veya olabileceği yönünde kuvvetli şüphe bulunan yabancıların, kendi girişimleriyle suçun failleriyle yeniden bağ kurduklarının belirlendiği durumlarda ikamet izinleri iptal edilir.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.49)
Unofficial translation: “The residence permit granted for the purpose of allowing a period of recovery and reflection may be extended for periods of up to six months each on grounds of the victim’s security, health or particular circumstances. However, these periods may in no way exceed three years in total. Where it is established that foreigners in respect of whom there is strong suspicion that they are, or may be, victims of human trafficking have re-established contact with the perpetrators of the offence on their own initiative, their residence permits are cancelled.”
Extensions are limited to six months at a time and three years in total. Re-contact with the perpetrators on the victim’s own initiative ends the permit.
13. When Can a Residence Permit Be Extended?
Article 24 regulates applications to extend a residence permit and the document issued while the application is being considered:
“(2) Uzatma başvuruları, ikamet izni süresinin dolmasına altmış gün kalmasından itibaren ve her koşulda ikamet izni süresi dolmadan önce valiliklere yapılır. İkamet iznini uzatma başvurusunda bulunanlara, harca tabi olmayan bir belge verilir. Bu yabancılar, ikamet izni süreleri sona ermiş olsa dahi haklarında karar verilinceye kadar bu belgeyle Türkiye’de ikamet edebilir.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.24)
Unofficial translation: “(2) Extension applications are made to the governorates from the point at which sixty days remain before the expiry of the residence permit period and, in every case, before the residence permit period expires. Those who apply to extend a residence permit are given a document not subject to a fee. These foreigners may reside in Türkiye with this document until a decision is given in their respect, even if their residence permit periods have expired.”
Three things follow, and the second and third answer the question that causes the most anxiety in practice. Extensions are applied for at the governorate, not the consulate, which is the practical counterpart to the closed list in Article 22. The applicant receives a document not subject to a fee. And that document allows a lawful stay even after the permit has expired, for as long as the decision is outstanding, so the gap between expiry and decision is not by itself an unlawful stay.
The window is the same shape as the one on the work-permit side: it opens sixty days before expiry and closes at expiry. The continuity of the permit is preserved from the old expiry date rather than from the decision:
“(3) Uzatılan ikamet izinleri, yasal izin sürelerinin bitim tarihinden itibaren başlatılır.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.24)
Unofficial translation: “(3) Extended residence permits are started from the date of expiry of the lawful permit periods.”
14. Can You Switch Between Types?
A change of residence permit type is possible. The following decision examines a refusal based on an entry ban that had already been lifted. In a case where a foreigner holding a family residence permit applied for a short-term permit as the family permit was expiring, the administration refused on the basis of an entry ban that had in fact already been lifted, and told the applicant to leave and re-enter on a special-annotation visa. The Council of State disagreed:
“Bu durumda, davacının kısa dönem ikamet izni başvurusu açısından Kanun’da aranan diğer şartlar yönünden değerlendirme yapıldıktan sonra işlem tesis edilmesi gerekirken, kısa dönem ikamet izni başvurusunun, davacı hakkında 1 yıl süreli yurda giriş yasağı olduğu ve bu sebeple amacına uygun özel meşruhatlı vize alarak ülkemize gelmesi gerektiğinden bahisle reddine ilişkin dava konusu işlemde hukuka uygunluk bulunmamaktadır.”
(Danıştay 10. Daire, E. 2016/938, K. 2021/4947, T. 20.10.2021 — bozma)
Unofficial translation: “In this situation, whereas the act should have been established after an assessment had been made as regards the other conditions required under the Law in respect of the claimant’s short-term residence permit application, the contested act refusing the short-term residence permit application on the ground that the claimant was subject to a one-year entry ban and therefore had to come to our country by obtaining a special-annotation visa appropriate to its purpose is not in accordance with the law.”
Two practical points. Switching type is a new application on new grounds, not a continuation of the old permit. It is made in Türkiye to the governorship, and being told to exit and re-enter is not a lawful default. And an entry ban must be current: a lifted ban cannot serve as the ground element of a refusal.
15. Refusal, Cancellation or Non-Extension
For applications made inside Turkey, Article 25 governs the negative decision and its notification. The authority must consider the specified personal and family circumstances:
“(1) Türkiye içinden yapılan ikamet izni talebinin reddi, ikamet izninin uzatılmaması veya iptali ile bu işlemlerin tebliği valiliklerce yapılır. Bu işlemler sırasında, yabancının Türkiye’deki aile bağları, ikamet süresi, menşe ülkedeki durumu ve çocuğun yüksek yararı gibi hususlar göz önünde bulundurulur ve ikamet iznine ilişkin karar ertelenebilir.”
(6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.25)
Unofficial translation: “The refusal of a residence permit request made from within Türkiye, the non-extension or cancellation of a residence permit, and the notification of these acts, are carried out by the governorships. In the course of these acts, matters such as the foreigner’s family ties in Türkiye, duration of residence, situation in the country of origin and the best interests of the child are taken into consideration, and the decision on the residence permit may be postponed.”
Notification must explain the available remedies and other rights and obligations. The residence permit rejection guide covers permit-specific grounds, court deadlines, administrative requests and interim protection. The period for filing a challenge should not be confused with permission to remain in Turkey.
- Follow the official application routeUse the e-Residence instructions for the selected first, extension or transfer application and prepare for the required provincial appointment.
- Passport valid sixty days longer than the permit requestedA documentary condition checked before the grounds are examined.6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.21
- Are the information and documents complete?6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.21
- Complete, the application proceeds6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.21
- Incomplete, assessment may be postponed and the deficiencies notified6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.21
- The application is concluded within ninety days at the latest6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.21
- To extend, apply to the governorate from sixty days before expiryA document not subject to a fee permits a lawful stay until the decision.6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.24
- The extended permit runs from the expiry of the previous one6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu m.24
Frequently Asked Questions
Where is a residence permit application made in Türkiye?
The Presidency of Migration Management directs first, extension and transfer applications to the e-Residence system. First and transfer applicants attend the provincial directorate with the required documents on the appointment date. Articles 21 and 22 provide the statutory framework; follow the official instructions for the selected application.
How long does a residence permit application take?
Under Article 21(5) of Law No. 6458, applications are concluded within ninety days at the latest. Article 21(3) provides that where the required information and documents are incomplete, assessment may be postponed until the deficiencies are completed, and the missing items are notified to the applicant.
How long must my passport be valid for a residence permit?
Article 21(2) of Law No. 6458 requires a passport, or a document in lieu of a passport, valid for sixty days longer than the residence permit period requested. The comparison is with the permit applied for rather than with the application date, so a two-year permit requires a passport valid for two years and sixty days at the time of application.
Can I stay in Türkiye while my extension application is pending?
Yes. Under Article 24(2) of Law No. 6458 an extension application is made to the governorate from the point at which sixty days remain before expiry and in every case before expiry. The applicant is given a document not subject to a fee, and may reside in Türkiye with that document until a decision is given, even if the residence permit period has expired.
Does a student residence permit allow the holder to work?
Not by itself. Article 41 of Law No. 6458 provides that associate degree, undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral students receiving formal education may work on condition that they obtain a work permit, and that for associate degree and undergraduate students the right to work begins only after the first year. The student permit therefore makes the student eligible to seek a work permit; it does not replace one.
How many residence permit types are there in Türkiye?
Under Article 30 of Law No. 6458 there are six types of residence permit: short-term, family, student, long-term, humanitarian and victim-of-human-trafficking residence permits. Each has different conditions, durations and rights; before applying, the type that fits the situation must be correctly identified.
For how long is a short-term residence permit granted?
Under Article 31 of Law No. 6458, a short-term residence permit may be granted, subject to the exceptions in the law, for periods of up to two years each time. Owning real estate, establishing commercial links or scientific research may be grounds for a short-term permit. An extension application is needed at the end of the period.
To whom is a family residence permit granted?
Under Article 34 of Law No. 6458, a family residence permit may be granted to the foreign spouse and to the minor or dependent children of the "sponsor" (a Turkish citizen or a foreigner holding a residence permit). It is granted for periods not exceeding three years each time, and its duration may never exceed the sponsor's residence permit duration.
If there is more than one spouse, is a family permit granted to all?
No. Under Article 34 of Law No. 6458, in the case of marriage to more than one spouse under the law of the country of nationality, a family residence permit is granted to only one of the spouses. The children of the other spouses are assessed separately; this is a limitation frequently encountered in practice.
To whom is a student residence permit granted?
Under Article 38 of Law No. 6458, a student residence permit is granted to foreigners who will pursue associate, bachelor's, master's or doctoral education at a higher education institution in Türkiye. A separate provision is also foreseen for primary and secondary school students whose care and expenses are undertaken.
How many years are required for a long-term (indefinite) residence permit?
Under Articles 42 and 43 of Law No. 6458, an indefinite residence permit may be granted, with the Ministry's approval, to foreigners who have resided in Türkiye without interruption for at least eight years on a residence permit. Additional conditions are also required, such as not having received social assistance in the last three years and having sufficient income.
Does time spent as a student count towards the long-term permit?
A long-term residence permit requires eight years' uninterrupted residence (Article 43). However, how time spent on a student residence permit is counted towards this is subject to special rules and must be assessed separately in each file. The residence calculation should therefore be made carefully before the application.
What is a humanitarian residence permit?
Under Article 46 of Law No. 6458, a humanitarian residence permit is an exceptional permit that may be granted by the governorates, with the approval of the Directorate General and for periods determined by the Ministry, without the conditions for other residence permits being sought. It is generally foreseen for foreigners who cannot be deported or are in an extraordinary situation.
